| A person planning to teach business subjects in the | | | | teachers, as they were called, often were recruited |
| twenty-first century faces a wide array of possibilities | | | | from business colleges. The first collegiate institute to |
| regarding the students, subject areas, school levels, | | | | offer a program of preparation for business teachers |
| and sites at which business subjects are taught. The | | | | was Drexel Institute in Philadelphia in 1898. One-and |
| routes to certification and licensure are equally diverse. | | | | two-year normal schools came into existence in the |
| The challenge in business teacher education is to | | | | early 1900s. From these informal to more formal |
| provide viable paths for professional development and | | | | preparation programs, two requirements were |
| growth in settings that often require diverse technical | | | | essential to ensure professional competency in |
| skills and teaching competencies. Business education | | | | business teacher education: on-thejob experience and |
| as a field is part of two worlds that are sometimes | | | | attendance at a university or teacher's college. These |
| viewed separately because of funding and licensing | | | | two prevailing requirements continue in the early |
| requirements. Business education is provided to meet | | | | twenty-first century. The purposes of business |
| both general education, and career and technical | | | | teacher education coincide with the general breadth of |
| education needs. General education can further be | | | | the field and the dual objectives of employment-related |
| divided between personal-use business skills and | | | | and general education. Sources of funding for |
| preparation for advanced study in business–two | | | | education have affected how business teachers are |
| different types of goals. Calhoun and Robinson | | | | licensed. Since passage of federal vocational legislation |
| summarized these goals in 1995: Specialized instruction | | | | in the early 1900s, such as the Smith-Hughes Act in |
| to prepare students for careers in business. | | | | 1917, the George-Deen Act of 1937, and the |
| Fundamental instruction to help students to assume | | | | George-Barden Act of 1946, up through the Vocational |
| their economic roles as consumers, workers, and | | | | Education Act of 1963 and the Tech-Prep and |
| citizens. Background instruction to assist students in | | | | School-to-Work legislation of 1990, 1994, and 1998, |
| preparing for professional careers requiring advanced | | | | teaching licensure, as provided by the various states, is |
| study. Several statements from the Policies | | | | generally of two types: (1) standard licensure for |
| Commission for Business and Economic Education | | | | teaching in the secondary schools; and (2) career and |
| (1997, 1998, 1999) note that business education | | | | technical licensure for teaching in programs reimbursed |
| represents a broad and diverse discipline (perhaps field | | | | by state and federal career and technical education |
| of study is a better term) that is included in all types of | | | | funds. Career and technical education programs and |
| educational delivery systems: elementary and | | | | their corresponding licensing requirements can exist at |
| secondary schools, one-and two-year schools and | | | | either the secondary or postsecondary levels. Initial |
| community colleges, and four-year colleges and | | | | standard licensing in the past has generally required the |
| universities. For many business teachers, a new and | | | | completion of an undergraduate program. This is |
| growing site for work is providing training or human | | | | changing for those programs that have moved or are |
| resource development services in industry. Business | | | | now moving to a postbaccalaureate degree |
| education can begin at any level; it can be interrupted | | | | requirement for standard, initial licensure. |
| for varying periods of time; and it will very likely be | | | | Postbaccalaureate-or graduate-level licensing is |
| continued throughout the life of an individual. Business | | | | particularly attractive to persons who already possess |
| education includes education for administrative support | | | | a bachelor's degree in business and then decide they |
| occupations, marketing and sales occupations, | | | | would like to enter teaching. Work experience has |
| information technology occupations, business teaching, | | | | been considered an essential part of business teacher |
| business administration, and economic understandings. | | | | preparation. It is frequently required for a career and |
| At the secondary level of education, business courses | | | | technical education license. However, work experience |
| are generally electives for students. History Of | | | | is not generally required for graduation from business |
| Business Teacher Education The earliest teaching of | | | | teacher education programs. Opinions about the value |
| business subjects in public grammar and secondary | | | | of work experience are mixed. Teachers value their |
| school dates back to the 1700s with the study of | | | | business work experience and believe it gives them |
| bookkeeping. Programs in private academies soon | | | | confidence in their teaching, but John Burrow and |
| became popular in public high schools, especially for | | | | Nancy Groneman found in 1976 that the amount or |
| students who were not preparing for college. In the | | | | frequency of related work experience of business |
| 1800s private business schools were also a large | | | | teachers has not been shown to result in greater |
| source of business preparation, and commercial | | | | teaching effectiveness. |